The price of the Core 2 Quadro Q6600 is likely to be higher than that of the premier Core 2 Duo, $530, but lower than that of the Core 2 Extreme, $999. The chips should be drop-in compatible with applications that support quad-core microprocessors, e.g., mainboards based on the Intel 975X chipsets that can work with Core 2 Duo.
Broadening of multi-core processor lineup emphasizes Intel’s strong plan to shift the attention of end-users to the number of cores, not clock-speed. Nevertheless, given that not all applications can benefit from more than two threads processed at once, the 2.66GHz and 2.40GHz quad-core microprocessors may offer lower performance in certain applications compared to the 2.93GHz dual-core Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 products.
Friday, November 14, 2008
When And How Quad-Core Microprocessor
ntel Corp., the world’s largest maker of x86 central processing units, will reportedly release a quad-core microprocessor with more or less moderate pricing in the first quarter of next year, which will compliment the company’s quad-core chip for extreme desktops due to be launched in November,2006.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops – Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and come equipped with 8MB level two cache (4MB unified L2 per physical die). The new chip code-named Kentsfield will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and will and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts, for whom the pricing of their PC components is not important.
While the quad-core chip for extreme fans of performance will be available this year already, there will be another one made for those, who demand higher speed in multi-threading applications than the Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 (2.66MHz, 4MB cache, 1066MHz processor system bus) can offer, but unwilling to spend over $999 on a processor. The Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 chip, according to HKEPC web-site, will run at 2.40GHz, come with 8MB L2 cache and use 1066MHz processor system bus.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops – Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and come equipped with 8MB level two cache (4MB unified L2 per physical die). The new chip code-named Kentsfield will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and will and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts, for whom the pricing of their PC components is not important.
While the quad-core chip for extreme fans of performance will be available this year already, there will be another one made for those, who demand higher speed in multi-threading applications than the Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 (2.66MHz, 4MB cache, 1066MHz processor system bus) can offer, but unwilling to spend over $999 on a processor. The Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 chip, according to HKEPC web-site, will run at 2.40GHz, come with 8MB L2 cache and use 1066MHz processor system bus.
Desktop Celeron (PPGA)
.jpg)
All Intel Celeron processors in PPGA package were based on Mendocino core. Mendocino was the first Intel x86 core that integrated level 2 cache with the core (Pentium Pro had level 2 cache on a separate die, and Pentium II processors used external cache chips). The core had only 128 KB of level 2 cache, but smaller cache size was partially compensated by faster cache speed - it was running twice as fast as the Pentium II level 2 cache. The Mendocino core didn't require external cache chips, therefore it could fit on smaller and cheaper Plastic Pin Grid Array (PPGA) package. To work with the Celeron PPGA package Intel designed new 370-pin socket - socket 370, or PGA370.
Desktop Celeron (SEPP)
.jpg)
Intel Celeron 266
266 MHz
No L2 cache
Single Edge Processor package (slot 1)
Engineering sample
Front view
Image reduced 2x times
Celeron 266 based on Covington core was the first processor from Celeron series. While this processor had poor performance due to lack of L2 cache, it was very popular because with its low price and very high overclockability the CPU had very good price/performance ratio. Many Celerons 266 could be easily overclocked to 400 MHz by changing bus frequency from 66 MHz to 100 MHz. Even if the microprocessor wasn't running stable at 400 MHz, it was still possible to run it at 333 MHz by changing bus frequency to 83 MHz.
Intel Celeron processor family
Intel Celeron family is a line of budget x86 processors based on Pentium designs. Originally based on Intel Pentium II architecture, the Celeron processors migrated over time to Pentium III and Pentium 4 architectures. Priced lower than their Pentium counterparts, the Celeron processors have certain high-end processor features disabled (like dual processing or multiprocessing). The Celerons are also slower than similar-clocked Pentiums due to smaller L2 cache size and sometimes slower bus speed. Celeron CPUs are usually packaged the same way as Pentium II/III/4 processors and can be used in motherboards designed for Pentium II/III/4 processors.
Distinguishing between generations of Celeron desktop processors is easy because different generations of Celeron processors used different package types. Celerons based on Pentium II core was packaged either in Slot 1 or plastic PPGA package. Celerons based on Pentium III core was manufactured in FC-PGA package. Pentium 4 generation of Celeron processors is packaged in 478-pin FC-PGA2 package.
Distinguishing between generations of Celeron desktop processors is easy because different generations of Celeron processors used different package types. Celerons based on Pentium II core was packaged either in Slot 1 or plastic PPGA package. Celerons based on Pentium III core was manufactured in FC-PGA package. Pentium 4 generation of Celeron processors is packaged in 478-pin FC-PGA2 package.
Microprocessors and Mounting
The mounting method refers to the type of connection the microprocessor makes with the motherboard. The following table lists the various mounting packages and some of the well known microprocessors that are mounted for that package.
* Socket 7 - AMD K5, K6, Intel Pentium 75-200Mhz, IBM
* Socket 370 - Some Intel Celerons
* Slot 1 - Intel Pentium II, Pentium III, Some Celeron 266-533
* Slot II - Intel Xeon
* Slot A - AMD Athlon
The Socket 7 processors are becoming less popular. We recommend socket 370, through slot A microprocessors at the current time. The prices on Socket 370 microprocessors are currently very low considering the performance of the systems. I recently bought a Celeron 500Mhz microprocessor with 66Mhz sidebus for under $120 with a motherboard for $84. When buying a microprocessor, make sure you get the type of socket you think since some processors are made for different sockets such as the Celeron. Be sure of one of the following.
1. The socket type is stated at the vendors website.
2. There is a microprocessor part number stated at the vendors website that can be traced to the manufacturers website which specifies the mounting package you want.
It would be no fun to get a Slot 1 motherboard and a socket 370 Microprocessor.
* Socket 7 - AMD K5, K6, Intel Pentium 75-200Mhz, IBM
* Socket 370 - Some Intel Celerons
* Slot 1 - Intel Pentium II, Pentium III, Some Celeron 266-533
* Slot II - Intel Xeon
* Slot A - AMD Athlon
The Socket 7 processors are becoming less popular. We recommend socket 370, through slot A microprocessors at the current time. The prices on Socket 370 microprocessors are currently very low considering the performance of the systems. I recently bought a Celeron 500Mhz microprocessor with 66Mhz sidebus for under $120 with a motherboard for $84. When buying a microprocessor, make sure you get the type of socket you think since some processors are made for different sockets such as the Celeron. Be sure of one of the following.
1. The socket type is stated at the vendors website.
2. There is a microprocessor part number stated at the vendors website that can be traced to the manufacturers website which specifies the mounting package you want.
It would be no fun to get a Slot 1 motherboard and a socket 370 Microprocessor.
Microprocessor Overview
The microprocessor is the center of your computer. It processes instructions and communicates with outside devices, controlling most of the operation of the computer. The microprocessor usually has a large heat sink attached to it. Some microprocessors come in a package with a heat sink and a fan included as a part of the package. Other microprocessors require you to install the heat sink and fan separately. This is not a difficult problem, but can be a bit daunting when the buyer wants to make sure they get the correct parts to fit their microprocessor. Also the buyer needs to make sure they will get the motherboard that their microprocessor will work with. This section will explain some of the differences in microprocessors and ways to be sure your parts match.
Types of Microprocessors according to there emergence are
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
Where most of the work is to perform by Microprocessor itself, the philosophy reduced the Line of Codes or instruction and burden processor to perform most of the task. CISC architecture was first used by Digital
Equipment Corporation PDP 11 family of minicomputers.
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Where most of the work is to perform by the software itself, the load on a processor is very low and hence it is called future processors. The RISC architecture was used by Apple Corporation's Macintosh computers, IBM's RISC System/6000 workstations and Sun Microsystems's SPARC.
Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)
In this architecture a compiler breaks instruction into basic operations to be performed by processor. VLIW is the next step of RISC. In this philosophy complication is moved from the hardware to the software so it reduces the hardware cost.
Superscalar Processors
They are competent of performing more than one instruction in each cycle. In this philosophy concept of cache, parallel processing and floating point were introduced.
Few other are
General Purpose Processor (GPP)
Special Purpose Processor (SPP)
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
Application-Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP)
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Where most of the work is to perform by Microprocessor itself, the philosophy reduced the Line of Codes or instruction and burden processor to perform most of the task. CISC architecture was first used by Digital
Equipment Corporation PDP 11 family of minicomputers.
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Where most of the work is to perform by the software itself, the load on a processor is very low and hence it is called future processors. The RISC architecture was used by Apple Corporation's Macintosh computers, IBM's RISC System/6000 workstations and Sun Microsystems's SPARC.
Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)
In this architecture a compiler breaks instruction into basic operations to be performed by processor. VLIW is the next step of RISC. In this philosophy complication is moved from the hardware to the software so it reduces the hardware cost.
Superscalar Processors
They are competent of performing more than one instruction in each cycle. In this philosophy concept of cache, parallel processing and floating point were introduced.
Few other are
General Purpose Processor (GPP)
Special Purpose Processor (SPP)
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
Application-Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP)
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Parameters
Processors mainly have two parameters: width of microprocessor and speed. Speed is calculated in Megahertz (MHz).The width of the processor can be expressed in the form of Internal Register, I/O bus
and memory address bus. Microprocessor has different types; Intel processor, AMD, Cyrix, NexGen, IDT, Rise Processors.
Intel processor that belongs to the First Generation of Processors is 8088, 8086, 80186, 80188, and 8087. Intel processors 286, 80287 belong to Second Generation of Processors.
Third Generation microprocessor are 386SX, 386SL, 386DX. AMD 486 (5x86), Cyrix/TI. 486, 486SX, 486SX2, 487SX, 486SL, 486SL2, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4 belongs to the Fourth Generation of Microprocessor. Other different types of microprocessor are 486Pentium OD, Pentium 60/66, Pentium 75–200, Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II PE, Celeron, Celeron A, Celeron III, Pentium III, Pentium IIIE, Pentium Xeon, Pentium IIIE Xeon, AMD K5, AMD K6, AMD K6-2, AMD K6-3, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, AMD Athlon 4 (Thunderbird), AMD Athlon 64 and 64 FX,Cyrix 6x8, Cyrix 6x86MX/MII, Cyrix III, NexGen Nx586, IDT Winchip, IDT Winchip2/2A.
and memory address bus. Microprocessor has different types; Intel processor, AMD, Cyrix, NexGen, IDT, Rise Processors.
Intel processor that belongs to the First Generation of Processors is 8088, 8086, 80186, 80188, and 8087. Intel processors 286, 80287 belong to Second Generation of Processors.
Third Generation microprocessor are 386SX, 386SL, 386DX. AMD 486 (5x86), Cyrix/TI. 486, 486SX, 486SX2, 487SX, 486SL, 486SL2, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4 belongs to the Fourth Generation of Microprocessor. Other different types of microprocessor are 486Pentium OD, Pentium 60/66, Pentium 75–200, Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II PE, Celeron, Celeron A, Celeron III, Pentium III, Pentium IIIE, Pentium Xeon, Pentium IIIE Xeon, AMD K5, AMD K6, AMD K6-2, AMD K6-3, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, AMD Athlon 4 (Thunderbird), AMD Athlon 64 and 64 FX,Cyrix 6x8, Cyrix 6x86MX/MII, Cyrix III, NexGen Nx586, IDT Winchip, IDT Winchip2/2A.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
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quad to core cpu's
Intel® Core™2 Quad processor 6600
(8 MB L2 Cache, 2.4 GHz,1066 MHz)
G33 fbc Mother Board
2gb DDR2 RAM, 250 GB Sata
15" Black Monitor, ATX Board
1.44 MB FDD, Optical Mouse
Multimedia Keyboard, DVD Writer
Optional:- Modem, Speaker, Ups 625
(8 MB L2 Cache, 2.4 GHz,1066 MHz)
G33 fbc Mother Board
2gb DDR2 RAM, 250 GB Sata
15" Black Monitor, ATX Board
1.44 MB FDD, Optical Mouse
Multimedia Keyboard, DVD Writer
Optional:- Modem, Speaker, Ups 625
First Quad-Core Processor
Intel Corp. may unveil its innovative quad-core microprocessor for desktops in just two months from now, a bit earlier than originally anticipated, according to a media report. Early launch may indicate that the company has sufficient product yield and will be able to supply the new chip in volumes to solidify its positions in the markets of high-end desktops and workstations.
Intel is planning to introduce its quad-core code-named Kentsfield microprocessor for desktops in early November, a news-story at eWeek claims. This means that moving the launch from the Q1 2007 to Q4 2006 was not conducted just in order to formally launch the chip in the second half of December ’06, like Intel did with its extreme version of code-named Presler (Pentium D 900-series) product, but really bring the quad-core processing to desktops this year.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts. The new processor will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and is likely to substitute the already announced officially 3.20GHz Core 2 Extreme chip with two processing engines.
Even though the reasons behind such move are unclear, the transition of “extreme” processor to a multi-core design should emphasize the company’s plan to shift the attention of end-users to the number of cores, not clock-speed. Nevertheless, given that not all applications can benefit from more than two threads processed at once, the 2.66GHz quad-core microprocessor may offer lower performance in certain applications compared to the 2.93GHz dual-core Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 product.
It is highly likely that Kentsfield features two Conroe chips on the same piece of substrate. Provided that every Conroe chip features two processing engines, the Kentsfield will have four cores, 4MB or 8MB level-two (L2) cache, 1066MHz processor system bus and other characteristics similar to Conroe.
While putting two pieces of silicon onto a substrate is relatively easy from manufacturing point of view, Intel’s arch-rival Advanced Micro Devices, who is likely to be behind Intel with its quad-core processors by several quarters, claims that such way of building multi-core central processing units is not efficient from performance point of view.
Intel is planning to introduce its quad-core code-named Kentsfield microprocessor for desktops in early November, a news-story at eWeek claims. This means that moving the launch from the Q1 2007 to Q4 2006 was not conducted just in order to formally launch the chip in the second half of December ’06, like Intel did with its extreme version of code-named Presler (Pentium D 900-series) product, but really bring the quad-core processing to desktops this year.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts. The new processor will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and is likely to substitute the already announced officially 3.20GHz Core 2 Extreme chip with two processing engines.
Even though the reasons behind such move are unclear, the transition of “extreme” processor to a multi-core design should emphasize the company’s plan to shift the attention of end-users to the number of cores, not clock-speed. Nevertheless, given that not all applications can benefit from more than two threads processed at once, the 2.66GHz quad-core microprocessor may offer lower performance in certain applications compared to the 2.93GHz dual-core Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 product.
It is highly likely that Kentsfield features two Conroe chips on the same piece of substrate. Provided that every Conroe chip features two processing engines, the Kentsfield will have four cores, 4MB or 8MB level-two (L2) cache, 1066MHz processor system bus and other characteristics similar to Conroe.
While putting two pieces of silicon onto a substrate is relatively easy from manufacturing point of view, Intel’s arch-rival Advanced Micro Devices, who is likely to be behind Intel with its quad-core processors by several quarters, claims that such way of building multi-core central processing units is not efficient from performance point of view.
quad-core processor
Intel Preps Affordable Quad-Core Microprocessor.
Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 on Horizon
Intel Corp., the world’s largest maker of x86 central processing units, will reportedly release a quad-core microprocessor with more or less moderate pricing in the first quarter of next year, which will compliment the company’s quad-core chip for extreme desktops due to be launched in November, 2006.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops – Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and come equipped with 8MB level two cache (4MB unified L2 per physical die). The new chip code-named Kentsfield will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and will and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts, for whom the pricing of their PC components is not important.
While the quad-core chip for extreme fans of performance will be available this year already, there will be another one made for those, who demand higher speed in multi-threading applications than the Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 (2.66MHz, 4MB cache, 1066MHz processor system bus) can offer, but unwilling to spend over $999 on a processor. The Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 chip, according to HKEPC web-site, will run at 2.40GHz, come with 8MB L2 cache and use 1066MHz processor system bus.
The price of the Core 2 Quadro Q6600 is likely to be higher than that of the premier Core 2 Duo, $530, but lower than that of the Core 2 Extreme, $999. The chips should be drop-in compatible with applications that support quad-core microprocessors, e.g., mainboards based on the Intel 975X chipsets that can work with Core 2 Duo.
Broadening of multi-core processor lineup emphasizes Intel’s strong plan to shift the attention of end-users to the number of cores, not clock-speed. Nevertheless, given that not all applications can benefit from more than two threads processed at once, the 2.66GHz and 2.40GHz quad-core microprocessors may offer lower performance in certain applications compared to the 2.93GHz dual-core Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 products.
Intel did not comment on the news-story.
Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 on Horizon
Intel Corp., the world’s largest maker of x86 central processing units, will reportedly release a quad-core microprocessor with more or less moderate pricing in the first quarter of next year, which will compliment the company’s quad-core chip for extreme desktops due to be launched in November, 2006.
Intel’s first quad-core microprocessor for desktops – Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – is projected to operate at 2.66GHz, use 1066MHz processor system bus and come equipped with 8MB level two cache (4MB unified L2 per physical die). The new chip code-named Kentsfield will cost $999 in 1000-unit quantities and will and be positioned as Intel’s top-of-the-range offering for gamers and enthusiasts, for whom the pricing of their PC components is not important.
While the quad-core chip for extreme fans of performance will be available this year already, there will be another one made for those, who demand higher speed in multi-threading applications than the Intel Core 2 Duo processor E6700 (2.66MHz, 4MB cache, 1066MHz processor system bus) can offer, but unwilling to spend over $999 on a processor. The Intel Core 2 Quadro Q6600 chip, according to HKEPC web-site, will run at 2.40GHz, come with 8MB L2 cache and use 1066MHz processor system bus.
The price of the Core 2 Quadro Q6600 is likely to be higher than that of the premier Core 2 Duo, $530, but lower than that of the Core 2 Extreme, $999. The chips should be drop-in compatible with applications that support quad-core microprocessors, e.g., mainboards based on the Intel 975X chipsets that can work with Core 2 Duo.
Broadening of multi-core processor lineup emphasizes Intel’s strong plan to shift the attention of end-users to the number of cores, not clock-speed. Nevertheless, given that not all applications can benefit from more than two threads processed at once, the 2.66GHz and 2.40GHz quad-core microprocessors may offer lower performance in certain applications compared to the 2.93GHz dual-core Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 products.
Intel did not comment on the news-story.
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